When it comes to education in South Africa, responsibility is shared between two key government departments:
- Department of Basic Education (DBE)
- Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET)
Although they work towards the same broad goal — providing quality education for all — their roles are quite different.
1. The Department of Basic Education (DBE)
The DBE focuses on school-level education and adult literacy programmes. This includes:
- Grade R to Grade 12 in all public and independent schools
- Adult literacy and continuing education programmes
Its mission is to develop, maintain and support a South African school system fit for the 21st century — one where every citizen has access to lifelong learning opportunities.
The DBE’s work isn’t just about teaching in classrooms. It also aims to:
- Improve the quality of life for South Africans
- Promote a peaceful, prosperous and democratic society
- Ensure education and training help people contribute meaningfully to the country’s development
2. The Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET)
The DHET takes over where the DBE’s responsibility ends — focusing on post-school education. This includes:
- Universities
- Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) colleges
- Skills development programmes
- Coordination of the Human Resource Development Strategy for South Africa (HRDSSA), which is about aligning skills development with the country’s economic and social needs
Why This Is Worth Noting
Understanding the roles of the DBE and DHET helps parents, students and educators know who to approach for what.
If your concerns or questions relate to school (up to Grade 12), the DBE is the right place.
For anything related to university, vocational training or skills development after school, the DHET is responsible.
Ultimately, these two departments work together to create a complete education pathway — from the very first day of Grade R to advanced degrees and workplace skills.
